The FIRST TRANSFORMATION OF A BACTERIA was achieved in 1973, however, it took another decade before a plant was successfully transformed. This was done by the manipulation of a natural occurring infection caused by a bacterium, Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Agrobacterium has the ability to infect plants, causing crown gall disease or tumor-like enlargements. The DNA which causes the galls resides in a small circular ring (or plasmid) of bacterial DNA and a portion of this DNA was transferred and incorporated into the plant cell's chromosomes.
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